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Language

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General information about the language

ISO code (ISO 639-3), aka Ethnologue code

Language name

Dialect/variety reported

Genetic classification (Ethnologue)

Language group (Ethnologue top level)

Have any special characters been used?

Sources consulted

Predicate Type

Restrict the search by predicate type properties. To select multiple elements in a list, hold down the control key as you click.

Name
Description

Predicate Type Properties

Are there any morphological details that we should know about this verb?

What is the syntactic category of the predicate?

Are infinitive complements possible with this predicate?

Takes infinitive complement

Are indicative complements possible with this predicate?

Are subjunctive complements possible with this predicate?

Must the null subject of the clausal argument share the identity of a matrix predicate argument?

Does the predicate have any arguments in addition to the clausal argument?

What is the argument position of the clausal argument

Can the thematic argument of this predicate that is represented by a clausal complement also be represented by a semantically appropriate nominal?

Are complement clauses of this predicate required to have the C-type associated with that clause type overtly present?

Is there further information about this predicate that needs to be explored?

Predicate Properties - Meaning

What English verb translation meanings is this predicate used for?

Does this predicate morphology have another meaning with a different complementation?

Indicate the broadly descriptive semantic class of the predicate. Any particular predicate may fit more than one class, so enter the same verb under more than one class if it seems appropriate.

What are the properties of the argument of the predicate that is the mental source of the proposition argument or the actor that brings the proposition forth?

What Aktionsart class can this predicate be ascribed to?

What is the temporal ordering of the event described by this predicate with respect to the event, activity, or state of affairs described by the complement clause?

What does the clausal complement of this predicate report/denote?

If this predicate takes a clause that has the syntax of a question, is the semantic contribution of the complement taken to be a report of a question or a report that the answer to a question is (or can be) known?

Indicate whether the relation of the predicate to (the contents of) its clausal complement are affected by negation of the predicate.

Negation of the matrix predicate can be understood as negation of the complement proposition.
A negative polarity item in its complement clause can be licensed by negation in the predicate clause
Predicate negated leaves complemnet truth presupposition.

Is the reported speaker or experiencer committed to the truth of the complement clause proposition?

What is the commitment on the part of the speaker or the addressee as to the truth of the proposition described by the clausal complement?

Clause Type

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Name
Description

Clause Type Properties

Is this clause type possible as a main clause and/or can it be embedded?

Are clauses of this type morphologically marked for tense?

Are clauses of this type morphologically marked for mood?

Are clauses of this type inherently marked for aspect?

Is there agreement in this clause type with a clause-internal partner?

Does this clause type enter into any external agreement relationships?

If there special morphology that distinguishes this clause type from other clause types, other than the presence of agreement, tense and aspect, please describe it here.

Does this clause type lack a verb as well as tense, person and agreement (i.e., is it a 'small clause')?

Is the subject of this clause type ever necessarily null and/or controlled?

Are clauses of this type inherently factive or assertive when they are embedded clauses?

Can this clause have embedded question syntax?

Is it necessary or optional for this clause to appear with a C-type?

Is extraction out of this clause type possible?

Extraction is possible
Extraction of near subject is possible
Extraction of non-subject arguments is possible
Extraction of all predicate arguments are possible
Extraction of adjuncts is possible

Can a normally local anaphor in this clause type be bound by an antecedent outside of this clause type?

Please include preliminary analytic notes that are relevant to this clause type.

Is there further information about this clause type that needs to be explored?

C Type

Restrict the search by c type properties. To select multiple elements in a list, hold down the control key as you click.

Name
Description

C-Type Properties

What morphological type or syntactic category type does this C-type resemble?

Is there any morphological alternation in the shape of this C-type apart from agreement?

What is the semantic contribution of this C-type, if there is any such contribution

Does the C-type contribute evidential force or value?

What does the C-type agree with?

What sorts of features does the C-type show agreement for with its partner?

What clause types by crosslinguistic gross description is this C-type compatible with?

C-Type is compatible with Indicative clauses
C-Type is compatible with Infinitive clauses
C-Type is compatible with Subjunctive clauses
C-Type is compatible with clauses that are neither Indicative, Infinitive, nor Subjunctive clauses

Does this C-type always appear when a clause type compatible with it is used?

Is there further information about this C-type that needs to be explored?

Sentence

Search by words (or substrings) of the sentence text.

Sentence Id
Original text
Morphemic tier
Gloss
Translation

All Project Sentence Properties

ASP this sentence was collected for

Describe any context provided when this sentence was elicited.

Semantic verb class

Does the predicate have any arguments in addition to a clausal argument?

What is the argument position of the clausal argument(s)?

What is the relation between the matrix and the immediately subordinate clause?

Verb Diathesis Type

What is the force of this sentence, i.e., the role it plays in discourse by virtue of its structure?

Related sentences

Follow-up needed for missing information

Consultant's comments

Clausal Complement Project Sentence Properties

If this sentence is provided as a translation or one of the translations elicited by a particular prompt sentence in the CCQ, indicate which prompt sentence.

Indicate which syntactic properties listed are true of this sentence.

What is the speaker's commitment to the truth of the proposition denoted by the complement clause?

Does every complement clause in this sentence have a C-type that is visible? Mark this negatively if any of the complement clauses within the sentence lack a C-type.

Akan
Amharic
Baatonum
Babanki
Bafut
Basaá
Bemba
Berber-Taryfit
Bulu
Chaha
CiNsenga
Esahie
Ewondo
Fe'efe'e
Ga
Gungbe
Ibibio
Ikalanga
IsiXhosa
Joola-Eegimaa
KiNande
Kihehe
Kinyarwanda
Kirundi
Konso
Limbum
Lokaa
Lubukusu
Makaa
Muyang
Oromo
Setswana
Tigrinya
Tiv
Tsonga-Changana
Tuki
Tupuri
Urhobo
Wolof
Yoruba

A1a) The press has claimed that the president demanded an apology.
A1b) The secretary claimed to know the answer.
A1c) Spies claimed Bill to know the answer.
A2a) The reporters say that the president will claim his rights.
A2b) Orlando said to go to the store.
A2c) Orlando said for us to go to the store.
A2d) Orlando said that we [should] go to the store.
A3a) The president confessed that he had seen the ceremony.
A3b) The president admitted that he had heard the speech.
A3c) We will say that Alice confessed her sins.
A4a) The baboons believe that the rocks prevent predators from attacking the young.
A4b) The birds expect that the thorns will stop bigger birds from eating their young.
A4c) The scientists consider snakes to be beneficial.
A4d) The dog suspects that the cat wants its toy.
A4e) The boss understood that Bill was capable of doing the work.
A4f) The student saw that the answer would require math skills.
A4g) The students know that their teacher keeps a record of their absences.
A4h) The newspapers have revealed that the president knew the actress.
A5a) Ruth asked the servants to make the children eat.
A5b) Ruth has asked the servants how to stop the water from boiling too long.
A5c) Ruth asked the servants when they would warn the tourists about the weather.
A5d) Ruth is asking that the boys say a few words at the ceremony.
A6a) Ruth will tell the women to make the children eat.
A6b) Ruth has told the women how to stop the water from boiling too long.
A6c) Ruth is telling the women when she would warn the tourists about the weather.
A6d) Ruth told the women that one of them should say a few words at the ceremony.
A7a) Orlando persuaded the boys that Bill liked the book.
A7b) Orlando persuaded the boys to watch the ceremony.
A8a) We promised the boys that we would yell at the donkeys.
A8b) We promised the boys to yell at the donkeys.
A9a) The boys demanded that we watch them playing.
A9b) The boys demanded to watch us playing.
A10a) The boss requires that we wear these shirts.
A10b) The boss requires us to wear these shirts.
A11a) Our wives prefer that we stop smoking.
A11b) Our wives would prefer for us to continue smoking.
A11c) Our wives would prefer to keep smoking.
A12a) We will hope that the nurses will let the boys eat.
A12b) We hoped for Mary to be the winner.
A12c) We hope to see Mary win.
A13a) We want that our son be the winner.
A13b) We want the visitors to let their children play.
A13c) We want to show our goods to the visitors.
A13d) John wants to meet at three o’clock.
A14a) We will show the visitors that the baboons fear the hyenas.
A14b) The visitors were shown that the baboons do not like the hyenas.
A15a) We will prove to the visitors that the baboons are worried about the hyenas.
A15b) The visitors were proved (to) that the hyenas hate the baboons.
A16a) The evidence suggests (to me) that the students are willing to work hard.
A16b) It has been suggested (to me) that the prisoner is guilty.
A17a) The giraffe tried to reach the treetops.
A17b) Mary tried for her son to clean his room.
A17c) Mary tried to get her son to clean his room.
A18a) The baboon failed/neglected to feed her child.
A18b) The machine managed to predict the right answer.
A18c) The prisoners need to convince the guards to give them more food.
A18d) The leaders decided to attack the enemy.
A18e) The house needs to be clean before the guests come.
A18f) We will prepare to leave when the guests have eaten dinner.
A18g) We plan to succeed in making money for company.
A19a) The elephant seemed to like to go to the cornfield.
A19b) A bird appears to have eaten the seeds.
A19c) The birds are likely to want more seeds.
A19d) The boys ought to feed the cattle.
A19e) The rain is certain to ruin the crops.
A19f) The rain began to ruin the crops.
A19g) Our neighbor turned out to be a famous writer.
A20a) John was certain that the lights were out.
A20b) It will appear that the defendant is guilty. (even if he is not)
A20c) It is likely that the boys will go fishing.
A20d) It is probable that the boys will go fishing. (i.e., it is more likely than not)
A20e) It is true that the south is warmer.
A20f) It is good that Mary is the winner.
A20g) It is clear that the boys made the children eat the plantains.
A20h) I am happy that everyone will know the truth.
A21a) We resisted washing the car.
A21b) The children have finished washing the car.
A21c) We discussed teaching a course together.
A21d) The neighbors avoided talking to the police.
A22a) Alice guessed that the children would know the answer.
A22b) Alice guessed when the children would show the book to the teacher.
A22c) Alice guessed what the children knew.
A23a) The boys knew that Alice would know the answer.
A23b) The boys knew when Alice would tell the story to the president.
A23c) Alice knew which answers the children would be able to guess.
A24a) I saw that Mary was bleeding.
A24b) I saw the rock roll(ing) down the hill..
A24c) The rock was seen rolling down the hill.
A25a) I hear that students are happier when their homework is interesting.
A25b) I heard water drip(ping) from the faucet.
A25c) The water was heard dripping from the faucet.
A26a) I felt that Mary should have apologized.
A26b) I felt my muscles relax(ing).
A26c) After the injection, the patient’s muscles were felt relaxing.
A27a) The news that John was guilty was surprising.
A27b) The knowledge that he had made Mary uncomfortable bothered him.
A27c) The scientists had to accept the fact their prediction was wrong.
A27d) Mary’s announcement that she was pregnant was the reason that John was late.
A27e) The claim that no one knew about the scandal is difficult to believe.
A27f) The only reason to do this properly is so that we can avoid a lawsuit.
A27g) John was the one who proposed the plan to rob the bank.
A27h) John rewarded the man who Bill saw.
A28a) The soldiers are afraid that the president will be ashamed of them.
A28b) The soldiers are afraid to admit that they ran.
A29a) Cleopatra regrets that she trusted Caesar.
A29b) Cleopatra regretted to tell Caesar the bad news.
A30a) The cat liked (it) that his master always gave him treats to eat.
A30b) The cat liked to eat treats.
A30c) The cat likes (for) his master to pet him.
A31a) We fear that the police do not regret their mistake.
A31b) Refugees fear to speak to the press. (* in English)
A32a) We are ashamed that we did not help the children to leave.
A32b) The businessman was ashamed to talk to his customers.
A33a) We are embarrassed that our president went fishing when the war began.
A33b) We are embarrassed to ask for a favor.
A34a) The fans rejoiced that their team was successful.
A34b) The team celebrated their team being successful.
A35a) The authorities were surprised that the new law was popular.
A35b) That the new law was popular was surprising.
A35c) It was surprising (to us) that the new law was popular.
A36a) That the judge remembered the death sentences was upsetting (to us).
A36b) It was upsetting (to us) that the judge remembered the death sentences.
A36c) It is upsetting to see poverty.
A37a) Cats are hard to train.
A37b) It is hard to train cats.
A37c) It is hard for us to train cats.
A37d) Cats are hard for us to train.
A38a) This person is worth talking to.
A38b) It is worth talking to this person.
A39a) Paul was probably able to do this.
A39b) Paul is probably capable of reading this.
A39c) Paul is proud of being able to do this.
A40a) The judge denied that anyone had committed a crime.
A40b) The judge denied anyone to commit a crime.
A40c) It was denied that anyone had committed a crime.
A41a) The prosecutor doubted that the prisoner had any money.
A41b) The prosecutor doubted the prisoner to have any money.
A42a) You remembered that I hate to eat fish.
A42b) The girls remembered to get the cows ready.
A42c) The men remember crossing the river when it was flooded.
A42d) The dog remembered what we taught him.
A42e) The girls will remember what to feed the cows
A43a) I imagined that I could do anything.
A43b) I imagined to be a millionaire.
A43c) I imagined winning the lottery.
A43d) I can imagine what they will ask me to do.
A44a) John reminded the students that they should read chapter 2.
A44b) John reminded the students to read chapter 2.
A44c) John reminded to read chapter 2.
A44d) The students were reminded that they should read chapter 2.
A44e) The students were reminded to read chapter 2.
A45a) The students read that the scout was unwilling to leave the camp.
A45b) Mary wrote that she would not consider leaving the school.
A45c) The old man mumbled that the water tasted bad, but no one understood him.
A45d) The child whined that no one liked him, but we thought that he was just tired.
A46a) The conductor yelled to us that we were in danger, but we knew the train was not coming.
A46b) The guide yelled that we would have to leave, but no one seemed to hear what he said.
A46c) The conductor yelled to us to get off the tracks, but we were not ready to leave.
A46d) The conductor yelled to get off the tracks, but we didn’t realize that he was yelling at us.
A47a) The weatherman warned us that it would rain, but we doubted that he was right.
A47b) The weatherman warned that it would rain, but we assured fans that it would be sunny.
A47c) The doctor warned us to avoid the sun.
A47d) The doctor warned to avoid the sun.
A48a) That everyone was guilty was upsetting
A48b) To eat meat would be upsetting.
A48b1) For important leaders to eat meat would upset the vegetarians.
A48c) To eat meat would upset the vegetarians.
A48d) That the president leave early is important.
A48e) That the president has already left is important.
A49a) That the messenger arrive early is necessary.
A49b) It is necessary that the messenger arrive early.
A49c) It is necessary for the messenger to arrive early.
A49d) It is necessary to arrive early.
A49e) The governor stated that it would be necessary for everyone to leave.
A50a) We prevented the teacher from yelling at the children.
A50b) We allowed the guards to search the prisoners for weapons.
A50c) We forced the guards to warn the prisoners about inspections.
A50d) We permitted that inspection take place early in the morning.
A51a) We advised John to speak to a therapist.
A51b) We advised John that he (should) speak to a therapist.
A52a) Elsa stopped talking to Martin.
A52b) Elsa stopped Martin from talking to Julia.
A52c) Elsa stopped to talk to Martin.
A52d) Elsa continued talking to Bill.
A52e) Elsa continued to talk to Bill.
A52f) Elsa kept talking to Bill.
A52g) Elsa kept Bill happy.
A52h) Elsa kept Bill to be happy
A52i) Elsa kept Bill eating vegetables.
A52j) Elsa kept Bill from eating vegetables.
A53a) It is known that melons are claimed to be fruits.
A53b) It is claimed that melons are fruits.
A53c) It is believed that the rain will continue to cause flooding.
A53d) it is expected that the tourists will complain to the authorities.
A54a) That the inspection take place at 3 o’clock was required by the officers
A54b) That precautions would be necessary was expected.
A54c) That the prisoner was guilty of more than one crime was never revealed (to the judge).
A54d) That the protestors would be arrested was never told to us.
A54e) We were never told that the protestors would be arrested.
A55a) John was forced to eat the soup.
A55b) John was advised to avoid the soup.
A55c) John was expected to eat the soup.
A55d) John was prevented from eating the soup.
A55e) John was understood to be angry about the new law.
A56a) John was seen eating the soup.
A56b) John was seen to eat the soup.
A56c) John was seen to have been eating the soup
A57a) We were promised to leave.
A57b) We were promised to be allowed to leave.
A57c) The boys were promised that we would be upset at the donkeys.
A58a) The servants were asked to make the children eat.
A58b) The servants will be asked when to stop the water from boiling too long.
A58c) The servants have been asked when they will warn the tourists about the weather.
A59a) The women will be told to make the children eat.
A59b) The women have been told when to stop the water from boiling too long.
A59c) The women are told when they should warn the tourists about the weather.
A60a) The boys were persuaded that Bill liked the book.
A60b) The boys were persuaded to watch the ceremony.
A61a) Those remarks suggest to me that he is worried about our proposal.
A61b) It has been shown that the students are capable of doing this problem.
A61c) It has been proved that the students are happier when the homework is interesting.